The Tapping Evidence Base
Pain · Trauma (other)

Pre-hospital analgesia with acupressure in victims of minor trauma: A prospective, randomized, double-blinded trial

Kober, A., Scheck, T., Greher, M., Lieba, F., Fleischhackl, R., Fleischhackl, S. · Anesthesia & Analgesia · 2002

Randomized trial👥 60 participants⚖️ vs. sham acupressure points and no acupressureHigher rigor✓ Source-checked📍 Austria
In plain English. Sixty trauma patients being transported by ambulance were randomly assigned to real acupressure, sham acupressure, or none, with paramedics trained to apply it. The real-point group ended up with significantly less pain, less anxiety, a lower heart rate, and higher satisfaction than the other two groups. It's a study of acupressure rather than EFT tapping specifically, but supports the underlying acupoint-stimulation mechanism.

What they found

60
people took part

In a double-blinded RCT of 60 trauma patients, paramedic-delivered acupressure at true points produced significantly less pain, anxiety, and heart rate, and greater satisfaction than sham or no acupressure (P < 0.01).

How the study worked

Who took parttrauma patients requiring pre-hospital transport (n=60)
What they didIn a randomized controlled trial, participants were randomly assigned to receive tapping or a comparison condition, then measured and compared.
Compared withsham acupressure points and no acupressure
Measured withvisual analog scale (pain), visual analog scale (anxiety), heart rate, blood pressure, satisfaction ratings

⭐ Why this study matters

This is one of the few sham-controlled, double-blinded trials in this entire literature, with a true placebo-point comparison built in — and it still found the real acupressure points beat the sham points on objective vital signs, not just subjective pain ratings, in a genuinely high-stress, real-world emergency setting.

💡 Where this could help

Picture someone in the back of an ambulance after a minor accident, in pain and scared, with only basic first aid available until they reach the hospital. If similar acupoint-based approaches prove out for pain and anxiety, it points toward paramedics teaching a simple, drug-free technique the patient can then do to themselves in that critical window before formal treatment begins, freeing up hands otherwise needed elsewhere.

🔬 What to study next

This is already the gold-standard double-blind, sham-controlled design this field needs more of — the next step is extending it with additional objective markers during transport, like HRV and salivary cortisol collected on arrival, to build a fuller physiological picture of exactly how acupressure blunts the pain and anxiety response in the acute trauma window. Testing whether paramedics can reliably deliver it at scale across a larger ambulance service, and whether the effect holds for more severe trauma, not just minor injuries, would extend this promising pre-hospital finding.

The full record

DesignRandomized trial
Participants60 people
Populationtrauma patients requiring pre-hospital transport
Comparison groupsham acupressure points and no acupressure
Outcome measuresvisual analog scale (pain), visual analog scale (anxiety), heart rate, blood pressure, satisfaction ratings
JournalAnesthesia & Analgesia
Year2002
CountryAustria
LanguageEnglish
MethodEFT / tapping
Publication typeStudy / trial
Verification✓ Confirmed against the primary source

Read the original study →

Cite this study

APA

Kober, A., Scheck, T., Greher, M., Lieba, F., Fleischhackl, R., & Fleischhackl, S. (2002). Pre-hospital analgesia with acupressure in victims of minor trauma: A prospective, randomized, double-blinded trial. Anesthesia & Analgesia. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000539-200209000-00035

This record is part of the Tapping Evidence Base — an openly-sourced, fully-referenced directory of the research on EFT/tapping. Explore more studies on Pain · Trauma (other)

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THE TAPPING EVIDENCE BASE Pain 60 participants WHAT THEY FOUND In a double-blinded RCT of 60 traumapatients, paramedic-delivered acupressure attrue points produced significantly… Randomized trial · 60 participants Kober · 2002 · evidence.thetappingsolution.com